Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a waxy substance produced by the ear canal. Although it may seem unnecessary, earwax actually plays a crucial role in maintaining ear health.
What is earwax?
Earwax is a naturally occurring substance that is produced by glands in the ear canal. It is a mixture of secretions from these glands, as well as dead skin cells and dirt that can accumulate in the ear canal.
What does earwax do?
Despite its somewhat unpleasant appearance, earwax plays several important roles in ear health. Some of the key functions of earwax include:
- Protection: Earwax acts as a protective barrier for the delicate skin of the ear canal, trapping dust, dirt, and other foreign particles before they can enter the ear.
- Lubrication: The oil and wax content of earwax helps to lubricate the skin in the ear canal, preventing dryness and itching.
- Antibacterial Properties: Earwax contains antimicrobial properties that help to prevent infections in the ear canal.
- Self-Cleaning: As new earwax is produced, the old earwax is pushed out of the ear canal, effectively cleaning the ear and removing any accumulated debris.
What colour should earwax be?
The consistency and colour of earwax can vary from person to person. Typically, earwax is a yellowish-brown colour, but it can be darker or lighter depending on genetics, age, and other factors. In some cases, earwax may be tinged with blood or appear black in colour, which may indicate an underlying medical condition.
Problems caused by earwax:
- Impacted earwax: When earwax builds up in the ear canal and becomes impacted, it can cause a blockage that can lead to a variety of symptoms. Symptoms of impacted earwax can include ear pain, itching, a feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and dizziness.
- Infection: When earwax builds up in the ear canal, it can create a warm and moist environment that is ideal for the growth of bacteria and fungi. This can lead to infection, which can cause symptoms such as ear pain, redness, swelling, discharge, and fever.
- Eardrum damage: When earwax is removed improperly or forcefully, it can damage the delicate eardrum. This can lead to symptoms such as ear pain, bleeding, and hearing loss.
- Hearing loss: When earwax builds up in the ear canal, it can block sound waves from reaching the eardrum. This can lead to hearing loss, which can be temporary or permanent depending on the severity of the blockage.
Treatment for earwax buildup
The treatment for earwax buildup or impaction will depend on the severity of the condition and the symptoms that you are experiencing. Some common treatment options for earwax include:
- Ear Drops: Over-the-counter ear drops can be used to soften the earwax, making it easier to remove. There are various ear drops available, however we recommend simple olive oil. For people who have difficulty applying ear drops, there are sprays available.
- Irrigation: Irrigation is another method used to remove earwax buildup. This involves using a machine filled with warm water to gently flush out the ear canal. Irrigation should only be performed by a healthcare provider to avoid damaging the eardrum.
- Microsuction: Microsuction is a method used to remove earwax using a small suction device. This method is often used when the earwax is particularly hard or impacted. Microsuction is our preferred method of removing wax safely and efficiently.